ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Risk-reducing operations are an important part of the management of hereditary predisposition to cancer. In selected cases, they can considerably reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer in this population. OBJECTIVES: The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) developed this guideline to establish national benchmarks for cancer risk-reducing operations. METHODS: The guideline was prepared from May to December 2021 by a multidisciplinary team of experts to discuss the surgical management of cancer predisposition syndromes. Fourteen questions were defined and assigned to expert groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations. RESULTS: For all questions including risk-reduction bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy, and mastectomy, major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives. CONCLUSION: This and its accompanying article represent the first guideline in cancer risk reduction surgery developed by the BSSO, and it should serve as an important reference for the management of families with cancer predisposition.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Gynecology , Ovarian Neoplasms , Surgical Oncology , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Humans , Mastectomy , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Smoke is generated by energy-based surgical instruments. The airborne by-products may have potential health implications. METHODS: We developed a simple way to use de conventional surgical evacuator coupled with de electrosurgical pen attached to a 14G bladder catheter for open surgery. It was used in ten prospective patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: We notice a high reduction in surgical smoke during all breast surgery. A questionnaire was used for all participants of the surgery to answer the impression that they had about the device. The subjective impression was that the surgical smoke in contact whit the surgical team was reduced by more than 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical smoke is the gaseous by-product produced by heat-generating devices in various surgical procedures. Surgical smoke may contain chemicals particles, bacteria, and viruses that are harmful and increase the risk of infection for surgeons and all the team in the operation room due to long term exposure of smoke mainly in coronavirus disease 2019 age. The adapted device described is a very simple and cheaper way to use smoke evacuators attached with the monopolar electrosurgical pen to reduce smoke exposure to the surgical team worldwide.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/surgery , COVID-19/epidemiology , Electrosurgery/instrumentation , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/transmission , Electrosurgery/economics , Electrosurgery/methods , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Lymph Node Excision/instrumentation , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Mastectomy/instrumentation , Mastectomy/methods , Nipples/surgery , Operating Rooms , Pandemics , Smoke/prevention & control , Urinary CathetersABSTRACT
Hemangiomas are described in many locations, but breast hemangioma (BH) is rare, accounting for only 0.4% of all breast tumors. These tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively using conventional imaging modalities because they lack pathognomonic characteristics. Mammographic and sonographic appearances of BH were described in just a few case reports, and breast implant-related hemangiomas are even rarer. We report a case of the tumor arising in an atypical location-between the elastomer and fibrous capsule of a breast implant.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Subject(s)
Breast Implantation/adverse effects , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Hemangioma, Cavernous/pathology , Prosthesis Failure , Silicone Elastomers/adverse effects , Biopsy, Needle , Breast Implantation/methods , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Device Removal/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hemangioma, Cavernous/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioma, Cavernous/etiology , Hemangioma, Cavernous/surgery , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Mastectomy/methods , Middle Aged , Reoperation/methods , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and conventional imaging tests for the detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 81 patients with breast cancer who had undergone 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT before treatment. Conventional imaging included the following: bone scintigraphy; chest X-ray (in 14.5%) or CT (in 85.5%); and abdominal ultrasound (in 10.8%), CT (in 87.8%), or magnetic resonance imaging (in 1.4%). Histopathology and clinical/imaging follow-up served as reference. RESULTS: Distant metastases were observed in nine patients (11.1%). On patient-based analysis, conventional imaging identified distant metastases in all 9 patients. In one patient, the initial 18F-FDG PET/CT failed to demonstrate bone metastases that was evident on bone scintigraphy. In two patients, the CT scan failed to show extra-axillary lymph node metastases that were identified on 18F-FDG PET/CT. There was no significant difference between 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging in terms of their sensitivity for the detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. CONCLUSION: This study showed that 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging with CT scans had similar sensitivity for the diagnosis of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. 18F-FDG PET/CT can add information about extra-axillary lymph node involvements.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada (PET/TC) e os exames de imagem convencionais na detecção de metástases em pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Oitenta e uma pacientes com câncer de mama foram submetidas a PET/TC com 18F-fluordesoxiglicose (18F-FDG) antes do tratamento. Os exames de imagem convencionais incluíram cintilografia óssea, radiografia (14,5%) ou TC (85,5%) do tórax, e ultrassonografia (10,8%), TC (87,8%) ou ressonância magnética (1,4%) do abdome. A histopatologia e o seguimento clínico-imaginológico foram usados como padrão ouro. RESULTADOS: Metástases a distância foram observadas em 9 pacientes (11,1%), sendo identificadas em todas as pacientes pelos exames de imagem convencionais. A PET/TC inicial não demonstrou metástase óssea em uma paciente, que foi identificada na cintilografia óssea. A TC não mostrou metástases em linfonodos extra-axilares, que foram demonstradas na PET/TC, em duas pacientes. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a PET/TC e os exames de imagem convencionais na detecção de metástases a distância nas pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que a PET/TC e os exames de imagem convencionais têm sensibilidade similar no diagnóstico de metástases a distância nas pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. A PET/TC pode adicionar informações sobre o envolvimento de linfonodos extra-axilares.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and conventional imaging tests for the detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Materials and methods: We included 81 patients with breast cancer who had undergone 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT before treatment. Conventional imaging included the following: bone scintigraphy; chest X-ray (in 14.5%) or CT (in 85.5%); and abdominal ultrasound (in 10.8%), CT (in 87.8%), or magnetic resonance imaging (in 1.4%). Histopathology and clinical/imaging follow-up served as reference. Results: Distant metastases were observed in nine patients (11.1%). On patient-based analysis, conventional imaging identified distant metastases in all 9 patients. In one patient, the initial 18F-FDG PET/CT failed to demonstrate bone metastases that was evident on bone scintigraphy. In two patients, the CT scan failed to show extra-axillary lymph node metastases that were identified on 18F-FDG PET/CT. There was no significant difference between 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging in terms of their sensitivity for the detection of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Conclusion: This study showed that 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging with CT scans had similar sensitivity for the diagnosis of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. 18F-FDG PET/CT can add information about extra-axillary lymph node involvements.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada (PET/TC) e os exames de imagem convencionais na detecção de metástases em pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. Materiais e métodos: Oitenta e uma pacientes com câncer de mama foram submetidas a PET/TC com 18F-fluordesoxiglicose (18F-FDG) antes do tratamento. Os exames de imagem convencionais incluíram cintilografia óssea, radiografia (14,5%) ou TC (85,5%) do tórax, e ultrassonografia (10,8%), TC (87,8%) ou ressonância magnética (1,4%) do abdome. A histopatologia e o seguimento clínico-imaginológico foram usados como padrão ouro. Resultados: Metástases a distância foram observadas em 9 pacientes (11,1%), sendo identificadas em todas as pacientes pelos exames de imagem convencionais. A PET/TC inicial não demonstrou metástase óssea em uma paciente, que foi identificada na cintilografia óssea. A TC não mostrou metástases em linfonodos extra-axilares, que foram demonstradas na PET/TC, em duas pacientes. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a PET/TC e os exames de imagem convencionais na detecção de metástases a distância nas pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou que a PET/TC e os exames de imagem convencionais têm sensibilidade similar no diagnóstico de metástases a distância nas pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. A PET/TC pode adicionar informações sobre o envolvimento de linfonodos extra-axilares.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chordoma is a rare tumor with a high risk of locoregional recurrences. The aim of this study was analyze the long-term results from treating this pathological condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study in a single hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study on 42 patients with chordoma who were treated at Hospital A. C. Camargo between 1980 and 2006. The hospital records were reviewed and a descriptive analysis was performed on the clinical-pathological variables. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and these were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were men and 23 were women. Twenty-five tumors (59.5%) were located in the sacrum, eleven (26.2%) in the skull base and six (14.3%) in the mobile spine. Surgery was performed on 28 patients (66.7%). The resection was considered to have negative margins in 14 cases and positive margins in 14 cases. The five-year overall survival (OS) was 45.4%. For surgical patients, the five-year OS was 64.3% (82.2% for negative margins and 51.9% for positive margins). In the inoperable group, OS was 37.7% at 24 months and 0% at five years. CONCLUSION: Complete resection is related to local control and definitively has a positive impact on long-term survival. .
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Cordoma é um tumor raro e com alto risco de recidiva locorregional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os resultados a longo prazo do tratamento dessa doença. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte realizado em um único hospital em São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 42 pacientes com cordoma tratados de 1980 e 2006 no Hospital A. C. Camargo. Os prontuários foram revistos e foi realizada a análise descritiva das variáveis clínicas e patológicas. As curvas de sobrevida foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e a comparação entre elas, pelo teste de log-rank. RESULTADOS: Dezenove pacientes eram homens e 23, mulheres. Vinte e cinco tumores (59,5%) estavam localizados no sacro, 11 (26,2%) na base do crânio e 6 (14,3%), na coluna móvel. A cirurgia foi realizada em 28 pacientes (66,7%). A ressecção foi considerada como tendo margens negativas em 14 casos e margens comprometidas em 14 pacientes. A sobrevida global (SG) em 5 anos foi de 45,4%. Para os pacientes cirúrgicos, a SG em 5 anos foi de 64,3% (82,2% para as margens negativas e 51,9% de margens positivas). No grupo inoperável, a SG em 24 meses foi de 37,7% e 0% em 5 anos. CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção completa está relacionada com o controle local e, definitivamente, tem impacto positivo na sobrevida a longo prazo. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chordoma/mortality , Sacrum , Skull Base Neoplasms/mortality , Spinal Neoplasms/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Chordoma/radiotherapy , Chordoma/surgery , Medical Records , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Skull Base Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery , Spinal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chordoma is a rare tumor with a high risk of locoregional recurrences. The aim of this study was analyze the long-term results from treating this pathological condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study in a single hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study on 42 patients with chordoma who were treated at Hospital A. C. Camargo between 1980 and 2006. The hospital records were reviewed and a descriptive analysis was performed on the clinical-pathological variables. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and these were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were men and 23 were women. Twenty-five tumors (59.5%) were located in the sacrum, eleven (26.2%) in the skull base and six (14.3%) in the mobile spine. Surgery was performed on 28 patients (66.7%). The resection was considered to have negative margins in 14 cases and positive margins in 14 cases. The five-year overall survival (OS) was 45.4%. For surgical patients, the five-year OS was 64.3% (82.2% for negative margins and 51.9% for positive margins). In the inoperable group, OS was 37.7% at 24 months and 0% at five years. CONCLUSION: Complete resection is related to local control and definitively has a positive impact on long-term survival.
Subject(s)
Chordoma/mortality , Sacrum , Skull Base Neoplasms/mortality , Spinal Neoplasms/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Chordoma/radiotherapy , Chordoma/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Records , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Skull Base Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery , Spinal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective To correlate the results of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed with a specific protocol for assessment of breasts with histological/immunohistochemical findings in breast carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, where patients with biopsy-confirmed breast carcinomas were studied. The patients underwent PET/CT examination in prone position, with a specific protocol for assessment of breasts. PET/CT findings were compared with histological and immunohistochemical data. Results The authors identified 59 malignant breast lesions in 50 patients. The maximum diameter of the lesions ranged from 6 to 80 mm (mean: 32.2 mm). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type (n = 47; 79.7%). At PET/CT, 53 (89.8%) of the lesions demonstrated anomalous concentrations of 18F-FDG, with maximum SUV ranging from 0.8 to 23.1 (mean: 5.5). A statistically significant association was observed between higher values of maximum SUV and histological type, histological grade, molecular subtype, tumor diameter, mitotic index and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion PET/CT performed with specific protocol for assessment of breasts has demonstrated good sensitivity and was associated with relevant histological/immunohistochemical factors related to aggressiveness and prognosis of breast carcinomas. .
Objetivo Correlacionar o resultado da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada (PET/CT) com 18F-flúor-2-deoxi-D-glicose (18F-FDG) realizado com protocolo específico para avaliação das mamas com achados histológicos/imuno-histoquímicos em pacientes com carcinomas mamários. Materiais e Métodos Estudo transversal, com coleta prospectiva dos dados, em que foram estudadas pacientes com carcinomas mamários confirmados por biópsia. As pacientes incluídas foram submetidas a exame de PET/CT realizado em decúbito ventral, com protocolo específico para avaliação das mamas. Os achados do PET/CT foram comparados aos dados histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Resultados Foram identificadas 59 lesões mamárias malignas nas 50 pacientes incluídas no estudo. O diâmetro máximo das lesões variou de 6 a 80 mm (média : 32,2 mm). O tipo histológico mais comum foi o carcinoma ductal invasivo (n = 47; 79,7%). No PET/CT, 53 (89,8%) destas lesões apresentaram concentração anômala de 18F-FDG, com SUV máximo variando de 0,8 a 23,1 (média: 5,5). Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre maiores valores de SUV máximo e tipo histológico, grau histológico, subtipo molecular, diâmetro do tumor, índice mitótico e expressão de Ki-67. Conclusão O PET/CT realizado com protocolo específico para avaliação das mamas demonstrou boa sensibilidade e apresentou associação com importantes fatores histológicos/imuno-histoquímicos relacionados à agressividade e prognóstico dos carcinomas mamários. .
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To correlate the results of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed with a specific protocol for assessment of breasts with histological/immunohistochemical findings in breast carcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, where patients with biopsy-confirmed breast carcinomas were studied. The patients underwent PET/CT examination in prone position, with a specific protocol for assessment of breasts. PET/CT findings were compared with histological and immunohistochemical data. RESULTS: The authors identified 59 malignant breast lesions in 50 patients. The maximum diameter of the lesions ranged from 6 to 80 mm (mean: 32.2 mm). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type (n = 47; 79.7%). At PET/CT, 53 (89.8%) of the lesions demonstrated anomalous concentrations of (18)F-FDG, with maximum SUV ranging from 0.8 to 23.1 (mean: 5.5). A statistically significant association was observed between higher values of maximum SUV and histological type, histological grade, molecular subtype, tumor diameter, mitotic index and Ki-67 expression. CONCLUSION: PET/CT performed with specific protocol for assessment of breasts has demonstrated good sensitivity and was associated with relevant histological/immunohistochemical factors related to aggressiveness and prognosis of breast carcinomas.
OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o resultado da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada (PET/CT) com 18F-flúor-2-deoxi-D-glicose (18F-FDG) realizado com protocolo específico para avaliação das mamas com achados histológicos/imuno-histoquímicos em pacientes com carcinomas mamários. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com coleta prospectiva dos dados, em que foram estudadas pacientes com carcinomas mamários confirmados por biópsia. As pacientes incluídas foram submetidas a exame de PET/CT realizado em decúbito ventral, com protocolo específico para avaliação das mamas. Os achados do PET/CT foram comparados aos dados histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 59 lesões mamárias malignas nas 50 pacientes incluídas no estudo. O diâmetro máximo das lesões variou de 6 a 80 mm (média : 32,2 mm). O tipo histológico mais comum foi o carcinoma ductal invasivo (n = 47; 79,7%). No PET/CT, 53 (89,8%) destas lesões apresentaram concentração anômala de 18F-FDG, com SUV máximo variando de 0,8 a 23,1 (média: 5,5). Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre maiores valores de SUV máximo e tipo histológico, grau histológico, subtipo molecular, diâmetro do tumor, índice mitótico e expressão de Ki-67. CONCLUSÃO: O PET/CT realizado com protocolo específico para avaliação das mamas demonstrou boa sensibilidade e apresentou associação com importantes fatores histológicos/imuno-histoquímicos relacionados à agressividade e prognóstico dos carcinomas mamários.
ABSTRACT
O tratamento do câncer de mama não metastático é primordialmente cirúrgico tanto para o câncer de mama inicial quanto para o câncer de mama localmente avançado (CMLA). Atualmente, a melhor estratégia para o tratamento do CMLA e para os tumores com relação/mama desfavorável é o uso de quimioterapia neoadjuvante (QTN) com o objetivo de preservação da mama, mensurar a taxa de resposta à quimioterapia in vivo e tratar de princípio doença micrometastática. Com o advento de novas drogas as taxas de resposta patológica completa (RpC) chegam até 65%. Estas altas taxas de RpC despertam o interesse por estudar e tentar selecionar um grupo de pacientes que poderia se beneficiar do tratamento não cirúrgico do câncer de mama e leva ao desafio de tentar identificar estas pacientes com resposta máxima no pré-operatório através de algum método de imagem. Neste cenário se destaca o uso do PET/CT realizado após o término de todo o esquema de QTN na tentativa de avaliar se tumores que apresentam PET/CT normal ao final da neoadjuvância, teriam também RpC o que poderia contribuir na seleção de pacientes para tratamento não cirúrgico do câncer de mama. Objetivo: Analisar o papel do PET/CT realizado após o término da quimioterapia neoadjuvante como instrumento de avaliação/predição de resposta patológica completa em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas a tratamento com quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Pacientes e métodos: Este trabalho consiste em um estudo prospectivo longitudinal que incluiu 73 pacientes com CMLA ou com tumores com relação/mama desfavorável e que foram submetidas à QTN. Todas as pacientes foram avaliadas através da realização de PET/CT ao final da QTN e subsequentemente submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico oncológico. As peças provenientes da ressecção cirúrgica foram avaliadas em relação aos critérios do TNM e também em relação aos critérios de RCB (Residual Cancer Burden). Resultados: No período de fevereiro de 2010 a junho de 2013, analisamos...
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women, and its treatment is based on surgery even for advanced disease. The best strategy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and for those with unfavorable tumor/breast size index is to begin the treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with the objective of further breast conservative surgery, measure in vivo response to chemotherapy, and potentially treat micrometastatic disease. A 65% complete pathologic response rate (pCR) can be obtained after recent improvement in NAC efficacy based on new regimens. The progress in pCR rates may theoretically help to select a group of patients that do not require surgery, since their tumors have been completely eradicated by NAC. The present challenge is to develop of a diagnostic tool capable to precisely predict pCR after NAC and further omit surgical treatment. In this scenario, PET/CT is a nearly recent imaging tool that should be tested after NAC. Theoretically, a negative PET/CT after NAC should correspond also to pCR. Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the role of PET/CT after NAC as a method to predict pathologic response for patients with breast cancer and correlate its result with the other pathologic variables in the surgical specimen. Patients and Methods: We performed a prospective study that included 73 patients with either LABC or unfavorable tumor/breast size index that were submitted to NAC followed by surgery. The surgical specimens were evaluated with TNM and RCB (Residual Cancer Burden) protocols. Results: Between February 2010 and June 2013, 73 patients entered the protocol. Median age was 41 years (range, 26-76) and median primary tumor size was 55mm (range, 21-200). According to TNM criteria, complete clinical complete response (cCR) was 45.2% (33/73), metabolic complete response (mCR) 61.6% (45/73), and pCR (ypT0 ypN0) vi was 27.4% (20/73). We correlated the PET/CT results with pCR...
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Drug Therapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Positron-Emission TomographyABSTRACT
In 1948 Stewart and Treves described a syndrome related to the association between lymphangiosarcoma and chronic lymphedema due to radical mastectomy and radiotherapy. Currently, literature data reveals around 400 published cases. However, this pathology is becoming each time rarer due to the growing indication of conservative breast surgery and sentinel lymphonode research, thus reducing the need of axillary lymph node dissection with subsequent lymphedema. Described will be the case of a woman that developed angiosarcoma in shoulder 17 years after mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Stewart-Treves syndrome is related to the rise of angiosarcoma in patients with chronic lymphedema. It is currently treated as a rare disease. We describe the case of a woman who developed angiosarcoma in shoulder 17 years after mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy.
